This book traces the history of contemporary art in the USSR and Russia from the 1960s through to the 2000s. The history of a country and its political upheavals, the progressive affirmation of a new form of art and individual creation, and the eventful adventures of a collection assembled by Andrei Erofeev to include works in the institution that had been rejected by it: this is what the exhibition and its catalog address. The Non-Conformists: this term applies to all works that did not correspond to the guiding principles defined by the Soviet socialist regime, namely an artistic production dedicated solely to the illustration of heroism in power. Through the works of more than fifty artists, a fascinating story unfolds, one that allowed art to embrace strategies of détournement and derision, critical discourse, and an infinite development of forms.